Die stärker vergrößerte Tunica mucosa der Trachealwand zeigt mehrreihiges hochprismatisches kinozilientragendes Epithel, blaß gefärbte Becherzellen, sowie Lymphozyten. Diese erscheinen rundlich und intensiv gefärbt. Lymphozyten kommen ebenfalls in der darunterliegenden Lamina propria der Tunica mucosa vor, in der auch eine Kapillare längs angeschnitten ist.

Legende:

	Epithelial cells with kinocilia which reach the surface
	Basal epithelial cells that do not reach the surface
	Goblet cell
	Lymphocytes (intraepithelial)
	Lymphocytes in lamina propria
	Capillary
	Lamina propria

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

H&E is the most common survey stain, which shows cell nuclei and cytoplasmatic components.

Structures	Colour
Nuclei	blue
Cytoplasm	pale red
Connective-tissue fibres - Collagen - Reticular - Elastic	red - pale rose to red
Muscle tissue	red
Erythrocytes	red-orange

Dyes:

Hematoxylin

(e.g. hemalaun, Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin)
Hematoxylin is a positively charged dye (at low pH values). It therefore colors negatively charged (basophilic) structures blue, like the DNA of nuclear chromatin, the RNA of rough endoplasmatic reticulum, and the acidic glycosaminoglycans of hyaline cartilage.
Hematoxylin used in the preparation of iron varnish is Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin and in the preparation of aluminum varnish is hemalaun.

Eosin

Eosin is a negatively charged dye used for counterstaining. It stains all remaining structures different shades of red (acidophilic).

Thiazinrot

Thiazinrot behaves similar as eosin.

Kinozilien, wimpernartige Oberflächendifferenzierungen, sind im Gegensatz zu Stereozilien aktiv beweglich. Ihr Strukturaufbau läßt sich gut auf Querschnitten erkennen: Zwei Einzeltubuli liegen zentral, umgeben von neun Tubulusdoubletten (9x2+2-Muster). Die Tubuli bestehen aus jeweils 13 Protofilamenten, die wiederum aus kleinen Tubulinuntereinheiten (a - und b -Tubulin) aufgebaut sind. Von jeder Doublette richtet sich ein armartiger Fortsatz, der aus Dynein besteht, auf das nächste Paar. Er enthält eine ATPase und dient als "Motor" für die Bewegung der Zilien. Die Form der Tubulusdoubletten wird über Verbindungen aus Nexin stabilisiert.

HistoNet2000 - Help

1. Organization of the screen surface

Right side: histologic specimen
Left side: information about the specimen (above) and general program functions (below)

2.Histologic specimen

Pull the mouse across the histologic specimen for training purposes. A small square with exclamation marks (dynamic labels) will appear where there is an important structure. You should then decide what structure this could be. To check your result, simply click the appropriate square, and the correct label will appear. The option “marked” allows you to see all labels for all structures simultaneously. These can be removed by clicking “unmarked”. This reactivates the dynamic labels.

3. Complementary information

Info: general information about the specimen, as well as a list of the dynamic labels
Drawing: schematic drawing of the specimen
Staining: information about the staining method for this specimen
Knowledge: short texts with basic histologic information, presently deactivated

4. General Program Functions

Home: returns you to the “start” page
Tutor: how to contact the HistoNet Team
Help: Instructions for Use appear
Exit: closes down the HistoNet program
Boxes: goes back to the other specimen of a topic
VM: provides virtual microscopy

We hope you will enjoy working with HistoNet2000 and learn a lot from it!

Specimen Nr. 01D

Specimen:

Staining:

Magnification:

Important structures :

Legende:

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

Dyes:

HistoNet2000 - Help