Specimen Nr. 01B

Specimen:

Trachea (Human being)

Staining:

H&E

Magnification:

13x

Important structures :

1.	Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
2.	Lamina propria
3.	Tracheal glands
4.	Hyaline cartilage of the fibromusculocartilagineous layer
5.	Chondron

Von der Wand der Trachea sind folgende Schichten zu erkennen: Tunica mucosa mit der unter dem Epithel liegenden Lamina propria, Tunica fibromusculocartilaginea (Bindegewebs – Muskel – Knorpelschicht) und Tunica adventitia . In der Lamina propria liegen seromuköse Drüsen, die Glandulae tracheales. Von der Tunica fibromusculocartilaginea sind die hyalinen Knorpelspangen zu sehen.

Legende:

	Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
	Lamina propria
	Tracheal glands
	Hyaline cartilage of the fibromusculocartilagineous layer
	Chondron

Trachea (cross section)[fe]

1.	Tracheal cartilages
2.	Anular ligaments
3.	Membranous wall (posterior wall of trachea without cartilage)

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

H&E is the most common survey stain, which shows cell nuclei and cytoplasmatic components.

Structures	Colour
Nuclei	blue
Cytoplasm	pale red
Connective-tissue fibres - Collagen - Reticular - Elastic	red - pale rose to red
Muscle tissue	red
Erythrocytes	red-orange

Dyes:

Hematoxylin

(e.g. hemalaun, Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin)
Hematoxylin is a positively charged dye (at low pH values). It therefore colors negatively charged (basophilic) structures blue, like the DNA of nuclear chromatin, the RNA of rough endoplasmatic reticulum, and the acidic glycosaminoglycans of hyaline cartilage.
Hematoxylin used in the preparation of iron varnish is Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin and in the preparation of aluminum varnish is hemalaun.

Eosin

Eosin is a negatively charged dye used for counterstaining. It stains all remaining structures different shades of red (acidophilic).

Thiazinrot

Thiazinrot behaves similar as eosin.

Die 16 – 20 hufeisenförmigen Spangen aus hyalinem Knorpel der Luftröhre sind in kräftiges, in der Längsrichtung elastisch dehnbares Bindegewebe eingefügt. Die hintere, knorpelfreie Luftröhrenwand (Paries membranaceus) besteht aus Bindegewebe und glatten, querverlaufenden Muskelfaserbündeln (M.trachealis).

Magnification:

13x

Magnification:

44x

Magnification:

160x

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Hyaline cartilage of the fibromusculocartilagineous layer

HistoNet2000 - Help

1. Organization of the screen surface

Right side: histologic specimen
Left side: information about the specimen (above) and general program functions (below)

2.Histologic specimen

Pull the mouse across the histologic specimen for training purposes. A small square with exclamation marks (dynamic labels) will appear where there is an important structure. You should then decide what structure this could be. To check your result, simply click the appropriate square, and the correct label will appear. The option “marked” allows you to see all labels for all structures simultaneously. These can be removed by clicking “unmarked”. This reactivates the dynamic labels.

3. Complementary information

Info: general information about the specimen, as well as a list of the dynamic labels
Drawing: schematic drawing of the specimen
Staining: information about the staining method for this specimen
Knowledge: short texts with basic histologic information, presently deactivated

4. General Program Functions

Home: returns you to the “start” page
Tutor: how to contact the HistoNet Team
Help: Instructions for Use appear
Exit: closes down the HistoNet program
Boxes: goes back to the other specimen of a topic
VM: provides virtual microscopy

We hope you will enjoy working with HistoNet2000 and learn a lot from it!