Specimen Nr. 02C

Specimen:

Kidney (Pig)

Staining:

H&E

Magnification:

160x

Important structures :

1.	Urinary (tubular) pole of a glomerulus
2.	Extraglomular mesangial cells (Lacis cells) on vascular pole of a glomerulus
3.	Capillaries, podocytes, mesangial and endothelial cells of glomerulus
4.	Bowman capsule (parietal layer)
5.	Bowman capsular space
6.	Proximal tubule (proximal convoluted tubule)
7.	Macula densa

Im Inneren des Glomerulus erkennt man zahlreiche Zellkerne. Diese können entweder zu Podozyten (viszerales Blatt der Bowman?schen Kapsel), Endothelzellen oder Mesangiumzellen gehören.

Legende:

	Urinary (tubular) pole of a glomerulus
	Extraglomular mesangial cells (Lacis cells) on vascular pole of a glomerulus
	Capillaries, podocytes, mesangial and endothelial cells of glomerulus
	Bowman capsule (parietal layer)
	Bowman capsular space
	Proximal tubule (proximal convoluted tubule)
	Macula densa

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

H&E is the most common survey stain, which shows cell nuclei and cytoplasmatic components.

Structures	Colour
Nuclei	blue
Cytoplasm	pale red
Connective-tissue fibres - Collagen - Reticular - Elastic	red - pale rose to red
Muscle tissue	red
Erythrocytes	red-orange

Dyes:

Hematoxylin

(e.g. hemalaun, Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin)
Hematoxylin is a positively charged dye (at low pH values). It therefore colors negatively charged (basophilic) structures blue, like the DNA of nuclear chromatin, the RNA of rough endoplasmatic reticulum, and the acidic glycosaminoglycans of hyaline cartilage.
Hematoxylin used in the preparation of iron varnish is Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin and in the preparation of aluminum varnish is hemalaun.

Eosin

Eosin is a negatively charged dye used for counterstaining. It stains all remaining structures different shades of red (acidophilic).

Thiazinrot

Thiazinrot behaves similar as eosin.

Der Raum zwischen viszeralem und parietalem Blatt der Bowman?schen Kapsel enthält den Primärharn. Von den drei Bestandteilen des juxtaglomerulären Apparat sind Macula densa und extraglomeruläres Mesangium zu erkennen, nicht aber die glatten Muskelzellen mit endokriner Funktion (Renin-Sekretion), die die Tunica media der Arteriola afferens und efferens bilden. Das Renin-Angiotensin-System ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Regulierung des Blutdrucks.

Die Macula densa dient möglicherweise als Element einer Rückkopplungsschleife, über die die Na⁺-Konzentration im distalen Tubulus die Durchblutung des Glomerulus reguliert. Die extraglomerulären Mesangiumzellen wurden lange Zeit als Ort der Erythropoetinbildung angesehen. Die Epithelzellen des distalen Tubulus sind Zielzellen für Aldosteron (u.a. Rückresorption von Na⁺-Ionen)

HistoNet2000 - Help

1. Organization of the screen surface

Right side: histologic specimen
Left side: information about the specimen (above) and general program functions (below)

2.Histologic specimen

Pull the mouse across the histologic specimen for training purposes. A small square with exclamation marks (dynamic labels) will appear where there is an important structure. You should then decide what structure this could be. To check your result, simply click the appropriate square, and the correct label will appear. The option “marked” allows you to see all labels for all structures simultaneously. These can be removed by clicking “unmarked”. This reactivates the dynamic labels.

3. Complementary information

Info: general information about the specimen, as well as a list of the dynamic labels
Drawing: schematic drawing of the specimen
Staining: information about the staining method for this specimen
Knowledge: short texts with basic histologic information, presently deactivated

4. General Program Functions

Home: returns you to the “start” page
Tutor: how to contact the HistoNet Team
Help: Instructions for Use appear
Exit: closes down the HistoNet program
Boxes: goes back to the other specimen of a topic
VM: provides virtual microscopy

We hope you will enjoy working with HistoNet2000 and learn a lot from it!