Specimen Nr. 01D

Specimen:

Duodenum (Human being)

Staining:

H&E

Magnification:

32x

Important structures :

1.	Circular muscular layer of mucous membrane
2.	Longitudinal layer of muscular layer
3.	Myenteric neural plexus (ganglion cells and bundel of nerve fibers)
4.	Ganglien cell (myenteric neural plexus)
5.	Slice artifact in longitudinal layer of muscular layer

Die Abbildung zeigt die Tunica muscularis der Dünndarmwand bei stärkerer Vergrößerung. Es läßt sich eine innere Ringmuskelschicht (Stratum circulare) von einer äußeren Längsmuskelschicht (Stratum longitudinale) unterscheiden. Zwischen beiden Muskelschichten liegt, in Bindegewebe eingebettet, der Plexus myentericus. In seinem Bereich sind Nervenfaseranschnitte und Ganglienzellen zu erkennen.

Legende:

	Circular muscular layer of mucous membrane
	Longitudinal layer of muscular layer
	Myenteric neural plexus (ganglion cells and bundel of nerve fibers)
	Ganglien cell (myenteric neural plexus)
	Slice artifact in longitudinal layer of muscular layer

Portions of duodenum[hs]

1.	Superior part of duodenum
2.	Descending part of duodenum
3.	Horizontal (transverse) part of duodenum
4.	Ascending part of duodenum
5.	Pyloric part of stomach
6.	Pyloric orifice
7.	Duodenojejunal flexure
8.	Jejunum

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

H&E is the most common survey stain, which shows cell nuclei and cytoplasmatic components.

Structures	Colour
Nuclei	blue
Cytoplasm	pale red
Connective-tissue fibres - Collagen - Reticular - Elastic	red - pale rose to red
Muscle tissue	red
Erythrocytes	red-orange

Dyes:

Hematoxylin

(e.g. hemalaun, Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin)
Hematoxylin is a positively charged dye (at low pH values). It therefore colors negatively charged (basophilic) structures blue, like the DNA of nuclear chromatin, the RNA of rough endoplasmatic reticulum, and the acidic glycosaminoglycans of hyaline cartilage.
Hematoxylin used in the preparation of iron varnish is Weigerts or Heidenhains iron-hematoxylin and in the preparation of aluminum varnish is hemalaun.

Eosin

Eosin is a negatively charged dye used for counterstaining. It stains all remaining structures different shades of red (acidophilic).

Thiazinrot

Thiazinrot behaves similar as eosin.

Der Plexus myentericus (Auerbach?scher Plexus) koordiniert die Tätigkeit der glatten Muskelzellen der Tunica muscularis. Zusammen mit dem Plexus submucosus (Meißner?scher Plexus), der in der Tela submucosa liegt, wird er zum sog. intramuralen Nervensystem gerechnet.

Magnification:

10x

Magnification:

26x

Magnification:

32x

Magnification:

202x

Circular muscular layer of mucous membrane

Longitudinal layer of muscular layer

Myenteric neural plexus (ganglion cells and bundel of nerve fibers)

Ganglien cell (myenteric neural plexus)

Slice artifact in longitudinal layer of muscular layer

HistoNet2000 - Help

1. Organization of the screen surface

Right side: histologic specimen
Left side: information about the specimen (above) and general program functions (below)

2.Histologic specimen

Pull the mouse across the histologic specimen for training purposes. A small square with exclamation marks (dynamic labels) will appear where there is an important structure. You should then decide what structure this could be. To check your result, simply click the appropriate square, and the correct label will appear. The option “marked” allows you to see all labels for all structures simultaneously. These can be removed by clicking “unmarked”. This reactivates the dynamic labels.

3. Complementary information

Info: general information about the specimen, as well as a list of the dynamic labels
Drawing: schematic drawing of the specimen
Staining: information about the staining method for this specimen
Knowledge: short texts with basic histologic information, presently deactivated

4. General Program Functions

Home: returns you to the “start” page
Tutor: how to contact the HistoNet Team
Help: Instructions for Use appear
Exit: closes down the HistoNet program
Boxes: goes back to the other specimen of a topic
VM: provides virtual microscopy

We hope you will enjoy working with HistoNet2000 and learn a lot from it!